Monday, September 26, 2016

Skillful Means: Patterns for Success


The book Skillful Means: Patterns for Success by Tarthang Tulku is powerful read about the motivation underpinning human work.  

Here is an excerpt: 

"Skillful means is a three-step process that can be applied to any situation in our lives. The first step is to become aware of the reality of our difficulties, not simply by intellectual acknowledgement, but by honest observation of ourselves. Only in this way will we fin the motivation to take the second step: making a firm resolve to change. When we have clearly seen the nature of our problems and have begun to change them, we can share what we have learned with others. This sharing can be the most satisfying experience of all, for there is a deep and lasting joy in seeing others find the means to make their lives fulfilling and productive."

"When we use skillful means, we directly approach our work, take immediate action to solve our problems, and uncover the strength of our natural abilities. Each of us has this potential, and if we realize it, we can then share our insights and appreciation with others. Eventually, we may be able to bring benefit and enjoyment to all of humanity, so that all will learn to lead satisfying lives."



Excerpted from Skillful Means: Patterns for Success by Tarthang Tulku (Nyingma Psychology Series). Copyright © 1991 by Dharma Publishing. All rights reserved.



Wednesday, September 21, 2016

24 Signature Strengths

Back in 2001, while working at my cool counseling job in Florida, I worked with a supervisor named Brenda Dawkins. This amazing woman stood out to me because she introduced our team to strengths-based counseling.  At that time, we were all still skimming the surface on this positive approach, but I remember how empowering it felt to be with a leader who "noticed" strengths in us, and then how awesome it felt to work with clients by talking about their core strengths. 




~~~

Seligman's 24 Core Strengths

This is just an intro post and is not meant to be exhaustive. I am sharing it because I invite leaders, supervisors, and managers to look for these strengths in their employees. 

Too often we only point out flaws and we forget to identify and reinforce strong areas. 

 When we help employees see more of their core strengths, it can have an uplifting and edifying rippling effect. Discussing strengths can help build a relationship with the worker, which then allows for more unity when discussing areas to improve. 

Employees often feel vulnerable when flaws area exposed. This is a natural human response. Sometimes high achievers can become the most insulted - or workers might misunderstand the process of discussing areas to improve and it becomes a source of stress.  Discussing weak areas with workers is a layered issue and many managers have seen major upsets after mentioning areas to improve. Many times the upset could have been prevented with a better delivery. 


I do not want to even go there with the topic of "appraisals" (another time for sure) but keep in mind that all people respond better when they feel valued and understood.   


You can help your employees feel valued and understood by discussing some of their core strengths areas.  And if you do not know any of their strengths, I encourage you to have your workers go HERE to learn more about options. Parents can also use this list because "all leaders" who have "others" under their care will benefit from being in tune with individual strengths and unique wiring. 


Key Takeaway: 
If we fortify people by noting strengths and affirming talent, then they might be more confident when it comes time to discussing "areas" to improve. 



~~~~24 Signature Strengths 


Strengths of Wisdom and Knowledge: Cognitive strengths that entail the acquisition and use of knowledge

1. Creativity [originality, ingenuity]: Thinking of novel and productive ways to conceptualize and do things.

2. Curiosity [interest, novelty-seeking, openness to experience]: Taking an interest in ongoing experience for its own sake; exploring and discovering.

3. Open-mindedness [judgment, critical thinking]: Thinking things through and examining them from all sides; weighing all evidence fairly.4

4. Love of learning: Mastering new skills, topics, and bodies of knowledge, whether on one's own or formally.

5. Perspective [wisdom]: Being able to provide wise counsel to others; having ways of looking at the world that make sense to oneself and to other people.

Strengths of Courage: Emotional strengths that involve the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of opposition, external and internal


6. Bravery [valor]: Not shrinking from threat, challenge, difficulty, or pain; acting on convictions even if unpopular.

7. Persistence [perseverance, industriousness]: Finishing what one starts; persisting in a course of action in spite of obstacles.

8. Integrity [authenticity, honesty]: Presenting oneself in a genuine way; taking responsibility for one's feeling and actions.

9. Vitality [zest, enthusiasm, vigor, energy]: Approaching life with excitement and energy; feeling alive and activated.

Strengths of Humanity: interpersonal strengths that involve tending and befriending others


10. Love: Valuing close relations with others, in particular those in which sharing and caring are reciprocated.

11. Kindness [generosity, nurturance, care, compassion, altruistic love, "niceness"]: Doing favors and good deeds for others.

12. Social intelligence [emotional intelligence, personal intelligence]: Being aware of the motives and feelings of other people and oneself.Strengths of Justice: civic strengths that underlie healthy community life

13. Citizenship [social responsibility, loyalty, teamwork]: Working well as a member of a group or team; being loyal to the group.

14. Fairness: Treating all people the same according to notions of fairness and justice; not letting personal feelings bias decisions about others.

15. Leadership: Encouraging a group of which one is a member to get things done and at the same maintain time good relations within the group.Strengths of Temperance: strengths that protect against excess

16. Forgiveness and mercy: Forgiving those who have done wrong; accepting the shortcomings of others; giving people a second chance; not being vengeful.

17. Humility / Modesty: Letting one's accomplishments speak for themselves; not regarding oneself as more special than one is.

18. Prudence: Being careful about one's choices; not taking undue risks; not saying or doing things that might later be regretted.

19. Self-regulation [self-control]: Regulating what one feels and does; being disciplined; controlling one's appetites and emotions.

Strengths of Transcendence: strengths that forge connections to the larger universe and provide meaning


20. Appreciation of beauty and excellence [awe, wonder, elevation]: Appreciating beauty, excellence, and/or skilled performance in various domains of life.

21. Gratitude: Being aware of and thankful of the good things that happen; taking time to express thanks.

22. Hope [optimism, future-mindedness, future orientation]: Expecting the best in the future and working to achieve it.

23. Humor [playfulness]: Liking to laugh and tease; bringing smiles to other people; seeing the light side.

24. Spirituality [religiousness, faith, purpose]: Having coherent beliefs about the higher purpose, the meaning of life, and the meaning of the universe.


Sources

Linley, P. A., Nielsen, K. M., Gillett, R., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). Using signature strengths in pursuit of goals: Effects on goal progress, need satisfaction, and well-being, and implications for coaching psychologists.International Coaching Psychology Review, 5(1), 6-15.


Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American psychologist, 60(5), 410.



Monday, September 5, 2016

Article Abstract: Investigating Employee Needs



Name of Researcher: Yvette Prior  Dissertation Title: Investigating Extrinsic and Intrinsic Employee Needs in Hospitality Workers   Year: 2015
Abstract: 
Maintaining employee motivation continues to be an important issue for most organizations, and improving motivation is especially important in the hospitality industry because more than half of the workers are unmotivated. The specific problem is that ongoing low motivation can impair success for both the worker and organization, but before effective motivational strategies can be developed, more information is needed about workers’ needs. Previous research findings have contradictory outcomes about reward efficacy and the purpose of this qualitative, holistic case study was to explore extrinsic and intrinsic needs of employees in the hospitality industry. 

The participants for this study included 12 employees from four different restaurant settings on the East Coast of the United States. Purposive criterion sampling was used to collect data from participants with at least three years of experience in this industry via face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was done with NVivo 10.0 software in order to identify themes from the transcribed employee interviews. 
The themes for extrinsic needs were: (a) sufficient income and (b) customized incentives. The themes for intrinsic needs were: (a) autonomy (b) growth and (c) supportive supervisors. A third research question emerged from the data and two additional themes for absent extrinsic rewards identified were: (a) lack of sufficient income and (b) lack of enjoyable experiences at work. Based on the study findings about intrinsic needs it was recommended that hospitality managers aim to come across as supportive while they help workers fulfill needs by providing a variety of reward options that cater to the changing needs of workers. Based on the study findings about extrinsic needs it was recommended that managers customize rewards because not all workers value the same incentives. It was also recommended that managers use pay and tangible job perks (extrinsic activities) to prevent employee job dissatisfaction, and then use trainings, interesting work activities, and autonomous opportunities (intrinsic activities) to improve enjoyment at work and employee motivation. 
Suggestions for future research included focusing on the managerial perspective of reward management, exploring the needs of workers from different job sectors, and the use of additional quantitative inquiry to expand current findings. This research contributed to the literature on work motivation and findings can be utilized to develop and improve incentive plans for restaurant employees. 




The full dissertation is available at ProQuest.


Sunday, July 31, 2016

Managing Work Stress

Hello blog readers.
Today I want to provide a few tips for dealing with stress at work.

Work related stress could have some bad outcomes.
Stress is an inevitable part of work life, but there are ways we can manage stress.
Sometimes workplace stress is so bad that it really does require a job change or something major; however, other times, workers can be taught to take a few different approaches to reduce their stress.

Here are three tips, or the ABC's for dealing with work stress:


A - Avoid a stressor.  
If a coworker is grating on you or there is a noisy AC fan blowing over your desk - ask to be relocated.  Negotiate a little bit if you need space or small changes. Be very careful in how you speak up because not all small complaints are easily received - so strategize how you can set up your workday to avoid or reduce certain exposures.

B- Break things down and manage the stressor.  
Workers need to spend some time assessing details about the stressor.
This could involve making a chart, writing about it, asking a mentor to discuss it, or searching online for information about it. The assessment phase is then followed by coming up with small ways to manage the current stressor.  For example, some workers can add some enjoyable to a stressful task.  One employee had a boss that was curt and tough to work with.  When they started meeting at a favorite restaurant for monthly check-ins, the atmosphere and food added something nice to the experience for the employee. This little addition helped the employee have a better attitude and the approach to meeting was enhanced.  Further, the employee also realized the immaturity of the manager and set up some ground rules on how much they would personally allow with sloppy behavior - and basically had a mentality of grace for someone in an elevated position who had some character issues.

Another way to break things down with work stress is to balance the stressor by finding personal ways to relieve the impact of the stress.  You can give yourself a reward once the stress fun task is completed, you can go for a run or do a workout before the stressful situation, or you can come up with creative ways to bring some joy into the situation. For example, one employee has to sit through a business meeting that included a manager who had a harsh approach to running meetings.  The employee was not the recipient of any berating, but the tone used was a stressor for this worker. To combat the annoyance experienced during this meeting time, the employee made uplifting notes on their electronic device.  The notes included quotes, comics, and images or people they were inspired by.  During the meeting, the worker would focus on the note and it would help diffuse some of the stress that was felt.  We can impact how much stress is received in our minds - and so I encourage you to find little strategies that work for you.

C. Confront the stressor. 

Confronting stress is something more people need to learn how to do.  Many times we are taking the stress too personal and so confronting it does not feel "doable" and we avoid it.
 Other times, the default stance is to avoid stressors and let them build up.  Sometimes this default mode occurs because we are not really sure what is happening. Sometimes what occurs in "real time" takes a while to process and adjust to - which means that one of the reasons we postpone or delay is not from slacking - but from still processing.  So give yourself some grace if you are wrapping your head around a situation.  Give yourself some grace if you are processing and chewing on an issue.  However, don't stay in that mode - and don't stay passive when there are things that can be done to make your work life a little better.  For example, one worker did not realize that a desk location was a source of stress.  Their desk, a small cubicle, was near the entrance and people always walked by and brushed the chair or seemed to be seeing their work.  While it was a promotion to even have a coveted cubicle (you know, it was a job that had a lot of contract workers and very few salaried positions with cubicles). Once the employee assessed and realized their cubicle was an issue, this worker found a colleague who would switch desks.  The proper procedures were followed and the helpful manager said something like, "I get this move, it reminds me of airplane seats, some people prefer the window and others prefer the aisle."

So you see - to confront the stress issue we need to understand it better and then we need to not take it so personal. It might help to practice detaching from the personal connection to the stressor, which I know is easier said then done, but sometimes assessing and breaking the stressor down allows you to take it less personal. The comfort level goes up as you really process the stress.  Try it and see....


~~~~~~

Q: Why did Dr. Prior share these ABC's for dealing with work stress?

A:  I shared stress tips because stressors are an inevitable part of life, but there are ways we can manage them.

The work motivation application:

If you have a stress related issues (in work or home life) that you are working through, I invite you to see how your current situation fits into the aforementioned ABC's:

Can you Avoid the stressor?
Can you Break the stressor down to manage and mediate it?
Can you Confront the stressor to bring about a needed Change?

~~~~~


If you still feel like reading, here are a few more tidbits from the Industrial and Organizational (I-O) perspective.

~ Work stress can be defined as the worker's response to stimuli that leads to negative physical or mental consequences.
~ Research around work stress tends to focus on antecedents, manifestations, and consequences of stress, but current research is addressing "preventative" and "intervention" initiatives.
~ Occupational Health is the area of I-O that looks at work and family issues and it explores stressors that interact with work success and mental health.
~ Work related stress costs organizations billions of dollars each year and the topic is complex because stressors range from individual characteristics of workers to organizational issues to broad scale market components.
~~~~


© YvettePrior.com and AtoZWellness.us, 2009-2016. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used for educational purposes,  provided that full and clear credit is given to the site author and owner and appropriate and specific direction to the original content.

Wednesday, July 20, 2016

Gen Z: The "Posters"

Hello Readers,

I was just reading about how Gen Z, or the newest Generation of people born between 2000 to 2015, are called the "poster generation" (I will try to come back later to share the link) and the writer argued that the name "POSTER" should apply because this generation is post so many big events - post 9/11, post Iraq war, etc.
Also, most individuals from this cohort have grown up "posting" - you know, posting online throughout their days (they were raised with this) as they post to their social media outlets, assignments in school forums, etc.

Well I am not sure if the name will stick, but I am referring to them as Gen Z. 

There are no clear cut off dates for generational cohorts, which only adds to the existing ambiguities, and some would say that Generation Z actually starts in the late 1990's. I am currently finishing up a research project on the youngest workers born in the late 1990s, those born from 1995 to 1999. Some folks refer to this group of workers as older Gen Z, but I am using Gen Y, or as Twenge (2010) described them as those born approximately from 1980 to 1999. 


  



Right now, I consider those born in the late 1990s to be the youngest of Generation Y,  and I consider Generation Z, or the Posters, as those born 2000 to 2015. 

Anyhow, if you are interested in reading more about generations at work - check out Sean Lyons book, Managing the New Workforce here and his student research page is here. 


Source


Twenge, J. M. (2010). A review of the empirical evidence on generational differences in work attitudes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 201-210 






Sunday, July 10, 2016

Industrial & Organizational Psychology FAQs

Here are some frequently asked questions about Industrial & Organizational (I-O) Psychology. 

Question (Q): What is Industrial & Organizational (I-O) Psychology?

Answer (A):  Psychology is referred to as the scientific study of behavior and thinking.  Industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology is the scientific study of behavior in the area of work (business and industry). 

Extended answer: 
"I-O psychology is the scientific study of working and the application of that science to workplace issues facing individuals, teams, and organizations. The scientific method is applied to investigate issues of critical relevance to individuals, businesses, and society" (SIOP, 2016).  


Q: What are the subfields of I & O Psychology? 


A: There are six subfields of I & O Psychology: Selection and Placement, Training, Organizational Development, Work-life Quality, and Ergonomics (Muchinsky, 2012). 








Q: Where does I-O fit in with the American Psychological Association (APA)?


A: I-O psychology is represented by Division 14 of the APA, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP).


Q: What is one word at the core of I-O Psychology?

A: Change. 
The world of work is ever changing and I-O psychologists have been examining the world of work since 1892.  The Great Depression in the 1930's and both World Wars had different challenges for workers and it was during those periods when I-O Psychology gained momentum (Katzell & Austin, 1992). The 1950s and 1960s had a lull (Highouse, 1999), but as the mental health of workers and the work-family balance have become key topics, I-O Psychology has surfaced as a powerful branch of Psychology helping workers to effectively deal with an ever-changing workplace.




Q: How can I find out more about the history of I-O?

A: SIOP has an I-O Virtual History Museum.



Q: What do I-O Psychologists do?

A:  Industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists are concerned with work behavior and how research can help improve work life and solve everyday work related problems.  There is a mix of science and practice with I-O and the subfields are listed in question #3. I-O psychologists can do many jobs: career coach, researcher, teacher/professor, consultant, strategist, human resource specialist, etc. 





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more Q & As will be added as needed, please feel free to check back.